The Horse 2020/21

What is a thermostat? 

A thermostat is a controller that reacts to a set temperature (temperature controller). Depending on the setting and measured temperature, it influences the flow of a fluid - for example, for cooling an engine, in a refrigerator, a fixture in the kitchen or bathroom, or on a radiator. 

How does a radiator thermostat work? 

The temperature controller of a heater reacts to the existing room temperature. The set temperature is adjusted at the thermostat head. 
 
 

If it is warmer in the room than the temperature set at the thermostatic head, a pin at the bottom of the valve is pressed in and the opening of the valve is restricted or closed. Thus, less or no heating water flows into the radiator. 

If it is colder in the room than the temperature set on the thermostatic head, the valve is opened. This allows more heating water to flow through the radiator until the set temperature is reached. Then the valve automatically closes a little to maintain the set temperature in the room. 

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The Textile Industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of yarn, cloth and clothing. The raw material may be natural or synthetic using products of the chemical industry.

INTRODUCTION - INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The Indian Textile Industry is one of the largest in the world with a large unmatched raw material base and manufacturing strength across the value chain. The industry includes extreme variety of both hand-spun and hand woven textile sectors and the capital-intensive sophisticated mills sector. The decentralized power looms / hosiery and knitting sector forms the largest component in the textiles sector. The formulation of policy, planning, development export promotion and regulation of the textile industry in India is administered under Ministry of Textiles, Government of India.

The Indian Textile Industry is considered among one of the leading textile industries in the world. It is divided into three segments, namely, cotton, synthetic and other textiles such as jute, wool and silk. Apart from providing the basic necessities in the life of Indian people, it plays a significant role in the country's economic growth.

Either directly or indirectly, it has been estimated that one of every six households in the country depends on the Indian Textile Industry for its livelihood. The strong roots of production of cotton yarns and ample skilled and unskilled workers and good export potential are the major characteristics of the Indian Textile Industry. This is a traditional, rich and well-established industry, enjoying considerable demand in the domestic as well as global markets.

The Textile Industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labor. The Textile Industry continues to be the second largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. According to the Ministry of Textiles, the share of textiles in total exports during April-July 2010 was 11.04%. During 2009-2010, the Indian Textile Industry was pegged at US$ 55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2500 textile weaving factories and 4135 textile finishing factories in all of India.

According to AT Kearney's 'Retail Apparel Index', India was ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.

India is first in global jute production and shares 63% of the global textile and garment market. India is second in global textile manufacturing and also second in silk and cotton production. 100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in textile sector. Rieter, Trutzschler, Saurer, Soktas, Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT, E-land, Nisshinbo, Marks & Spencer, Zara, Promod, Bennetton, and Levi's are some of the foreign textile companies invested or working in India.  

The future of the Indian Textile Industry looks promising, buoyed by strong domestic consumption as well as export demand. With consumerism and disposable income on the rise, the retail sector has experienced a rapid growth in the past decade with the entry of several international players. High economic growth has resulted in higher disposable income. This has led to rise in demand for products creating a huge domestic market.

This's just a beginning .......

Looking forward to your comments.......

" Coming together is a beginning.......Keeping together is progress.......Working together is Success!! "

Team - Neethu.N.S. , Kashinath.U.S. , Isaac Lucious James & Sidharth.P.Nair 

Thank you!

Botanical name :Abutilon indicum

Botanical description : The atibala is technically a shrub. Though it usually grows up to a height of 1.5m, it can grow up to 3m in height. It is known for its unique ‘gear’ shaped seed pods and golden yellow flowers. It occurs in a number of tropical and subtropical zones.

Chemical constituents : β-Sitosterol is present in atibala. Its leaves contain tannins, carbonic acid, Asparagine, Magnesium phosphate and Calcium carbonate.

Uses in traditional medicine :Atibala extract is antimicrobial in nature and hence helps reduce the appearance of pimples and boils. 

Atibala is also known for it anti inflammatory properties and is  widely used to reduce swelling.

It also has astringent properties and helps to cleanse the skin and reduce skin oiliness.

Due to its cooling and healing processes, it is also very useful for treating rashes and calming irritated skin

Its seed extract is also very useful for treating diseases like piles, common cold, rheumatism, jaundice and leprosy.

It also has the following properties 

 1) Demulcent

 2) Laxative

 3) Diuretic

 4) Sedative 

 5) Astringent

 6) Expectorant

 7) Tonic

 8) Anti-convulsant

 9) Anthelmintic 

Hello!

New TRIANGLE Collaboration Projects have taken off - students from three different countries are co-creating and learning through experience in the making of a "real life" environmental project. We will keep you up to date here and report on exciting experiences.

Looking forward to it – it’s sure to be magnificent!
https://dontwastemy.energy/2021/04/27/triangles-new-collaboration-projects/

w.a.: with accompaniment - mit Führung (dt.)

Mrs. Suter got in contact with the scientist Mr. Farinotti, that could maybe show us the "Aletschgletscher".

[in progress]

Genti and Tiziano

Today

Today we put the interview, which we did last week with my half-sister, in writing and also worked on the survey.

Until the 13th May

Until then we will not work on our project, because we have holidays until then. 

27 april 2021

In the next days, we will prepare a survey about glacier melt.

Then the general idea for our collaboration with "Team Kerala" is to show heavy results on climate change. So as reported in the last post, we will bring together our results with those of "Team Kerala". They already wrote:

Extreme events such as droughts, floods, heat waves, cold waves, devastating thunder clouds,
cloudbursts and intense cyclonic storms have been occurring frequently over the globe in
recent decades. Climate change is realized all over the world and is significantly altering
the structure and functioning of many ecosystems. Significant advances in the scientific
understanding of climate change now make it clear that there has been a change in climate
that goes beyond the range of natural variability.

An example of how devastating climate change can be is the floods in Kerala for the past three years.
Kerala is a state of India located towards the south. It is geographically bordered by the Western Ghats
which is a chain of mountains that contribute to its hot and humid climate.                                            

The first floods happened in 2018,an unexpected disaster for which nobody was prepared for. Monsoon, as the rainy season is called, usually takes place in the months of June, July and august. It was unusual feat of how Kerala received more rain than it ever received, exactly 42% more!!!. In three months, Kerala received almost all the rain that it receives
in a year. Kerala has a lot of backwaters and rivers which receives its water from the dams. The monsoon rain resulted
in rapid filling up of dams and overflowing river shores thereby flooding whole cities, disrupting social life.

                                                  
The season ended up racking 483 deaths and many injured both physically and mentally from the lose of homes and
loved ones. Almost one million people were displaced. This happened again in 2019 with the same magnitude
but resulted in less casualties and also once more in 2020, during the pandemic. But didn't cause too many casualties
because of warnings from the IMD (Indian Meteorology Department).

Several climate experts had predicted that floods would recur in a five-year interval instead of the historical 100 years.
But in Kerala, it is occurring for the third consecutive year. A study, later conducted on the repetitive flooding, revealed
the role of climate change. In this study, they used high-resolution WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) and the WRF-Hydro simulations to explore the major factors behind the Kerala floods of August 2018. They also simulated the floods under pre-industrial and RCP8.5 background states to determine the effects of past and future climate change. The results
lead to increasing global warming causing deep depressions to form rapidly over the sea and due to the monsoon season
lining up with this anomaly increased the precipitation rate by 50% and thereby the floods. They also brought a future study
of how much devastating these floods can be. According to the study, if they were to happen again in a future climate
(RCP8.5) scenario at the end of this century, the effect of increased tropical humidity would far outweigh the
weakened depressions, likely resulting in a significantly more catastrophic scenario.

We look forward to your comments.

Thank You

-Team Maya Ma'am, Devanarayan, Ananya Reji, Vamika Giridhar, Johanna Christy.

Links to all the images in this post.

Image 1-https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/DD-COMPOSITE-KERELA.jpg

Image 2-https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DlHCiQ2XsAEVynR.jpg

Image 3-https://static.india.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Monsoon.jpg

Image 4-https://kj1bcdn.b-cdn.net/media/22791/kerala-flood.png

Image 5-https://www.dailyhawker.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Monsoon-Flood-in-Kerala.jpg

Image 6-https://static.theprint.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2018_8img18_Aug_2018_PTI8_18_2018_000150B-e1534663058424.jpg

Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina  that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree,pippala tree, peepul tree, peepal tree or ashwattha tree (in India and Nepal).The sacred fig is considered to have a religious significance in three major religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Hindu and Jain ascetics consider the tree to be sacred and often meditate under them. This is the tree under which Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment. The sacred fig is the state tree of the Indian states of Odisha and Haryana.

Ficus religiosa is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The leaves are cordate in shape with a distinctive extended drip tip; they are 10–17 centimetres (3.9–6.7 in) long and 8–12 centimetres (3.1–4.7 in) broad, with a 6–10 centimetres (2.4–3.9 in) petiole. The fruits are small figs 1–1.5 centimetres (0.39–0.59 in) in diameter, green ripening to purple.

Ficus religiosa is native to most of the Indian subcontinent – Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India including the Assam region, Eastern Himalaya and the Nicobar Islands, as well as part of Indochina – the Andaman Islands, Myanmar and Peninsular Malaysia. It has been widely introduced elsewhere, particularly in the rest of tropical Asia, but also in Iran, Florida and Venezuela.

Ficus religiosa suitably grows at altitudes ranging from 10 metres (33 ft) up to 1,520 metres (4,990 ft). Due to the climatic conditions which are prevalent throughout different heat zones, it can grow at latitudes ranging from 30°N to 5°S. It can tolerate air temperatures ranging between 0 °C (32 °F) to 35 °C (95 °F), beyond this upper limit its growth diminishes. It grows on a wide variety of soils but preferably needs deep, alluvial sandy loam with good drainage. It is also found on shallow soils including rock crevices

Environmental benefits of Peepal Trees

Ecologically, Peepal Tree provides ample Oxygen, purifies the surrounding, kills harmful bacteria, control soil erosion, improve soil structure and its fertility, it is also dust and sound absorbent. Worshipping trees implies that trees too are a part of the cosmos like us and are serving earth selflessly.

Benefits and Uses of Peepal Tree
For Asthma. The bark of the Peepal plant and its ripe fruits are helpful for treating asthma.
For poor appetite. 
For stomach pain. 
For eczema and itching. 
For a brighter complexion. 
For cracked heels. 
For toothache. 
For eye pain. 

Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, some species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past.

Sandalwood must be distilled so that the oil can be extracted from within. Many different methods are used, including steam distillation, water distillation, CO2 extraction, and solvent extractions. Steam distillation is the most common method used by sandalwood companies. It occurs in a four-step process, incorporating boiling, steaming, condensation, and separation. Water is heated to high temperatures (60–100 °C or 140–212 °F) and is then passed through the wood. The oil is very tightly bound within the cellular structure of the wood, so the high heat of the steam causes the oil to be released. The mixture of steam and oil is then cooled and separated so that the essential oil can be collected. This process is much longer than any other essential oil's distillation, taking 14 to 36 hours to complete, but generally produces much higher quality oil. Water, or hydro, distillation is the more traditional method of sandalwood extraction which involves soaking the wood in water and then boiling it until the oil is released. This method is not used as much anymore because of the high costs and time associated with heating large quantities of water.

Indian sandalwood is very sacred in the Hindu Ayurveda and is known in Sanskrit as chandana.

The wood is used for worshipping the god Shiva, and it is believed that goddess Lakshmi lives in the sandalwood tree. The wood of the tree is made into a paste using sandalwood powder, and this paste is integral to rituals and ceremonies, to make religious utensils, to decorate the icons of the deities, and to calm the mind during meditation and prayer. It is also distributed to devotees, who apply it to their foreheads or necks and chests.[19] Preparation of the paste is a duty fit only for the pure, so is entrusted only to priests when used in temples and during ceremonies.

The paste is prepared by grinding wood by hand with granite slabs shaped for this purpose. With the gradual addition of water, a thick paste forms (called kalabham "കളഭം" in Malayalam language and gandha ಗಂಧ in Kannada) and is mixed with saffron or other such pigments to make chandanam. Chandanam, further mixed with herbs, perfumes, pigments, and some other compounds, results in javadhu. Kalabham, chandanam, and javadhu are dried and used as kalabham powder, chandanam powder, and javadhu powder, respectively.

Environmental benefits of Sandalwood trees
Clean Air: Trees absorb pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide and potentially harmful gasses, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide from the atmosphere which cleans the air and improves the quality of living in a locality which leads to health benefits to the people.

Sandalwood may offer some health benefits as well. Sandalwood oil comes from the wood and roots of Santalum album, or the East Indian sandalwood tree.

For example, research suggests that sandalwood may help:
increase alertness.
manage anxiety.
support wound healing.
guard against skin cancer.
fight bacteria.

Sandalwood oil is also frequently incorporated into religious ceremonies or spiritual practices. Buddhists believe that the scent of sandalwood can help maintain alertness and focus during meditation.