The Horse 2020/21

Environment & Technology

Results of the interview with Mr. Peter Hofmann

On a thursday afternoon I've done an interview with Mr. Peter Hofmann. He works in the environmental department in Zurich as project manager, his task is to check the environmental impact of vehicles.

When I asked him how realistic he thinks it is to have only electric cars in the city of Zurich, he said that this is a difficult question.

Today it is not possible to let no diesel vehicles or only electric vehicles into the city of Zurich, because there is no legal basis.

On the national and cantonal level as well as in the city of Zurich there are many efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is also in order to comply with the climate agreement of Paris. In order to achieve this, measures have to be taken, which can be quite specific, such as so-called low emission zones, as far as it is legally possible. There is still a lot to do to reach the goals and it is not easy but he is in a very positive mood. He sees the significance of electric cars in the city of Zurich as divided. On the one hand, he sees a continuous increase in the number of first redeemed electric vehicles, while on the other hand this figure is still in the single-digit percentage range. One reason for the rising numbers is most likely the good prices that are now prevailing.

 

During our conversation I also asked him about his city of the future.

He said that his city of the future is quite similar to the transport policy of the city of Zurich. This policy states that people will mainly travel to the city by public transport and will0 continue to use public transport or bicycles once they arrive in the city. This way the air is spared and the valuable space is not filled by private vehicles.

Basically he is of the opinion to use public transport as often as possible and if this is not possible, then a car with a small environmental impact.

When I asked what other points the transport policy contains, he said that there is a guideline with the following three points:

1. try to avoid traffic altogether and if possible to cover all shifts on foot.

2. use public transport such as bus and streetcar

3. use a clean vehicle

Another aspect of the city of Zurich is to make it easier to change to public transport or bicycle. For example, bicycle paths are to be extended or separate lanes for public transport are to be built.

At the end of our interview I wanted to know what his opinion on electric cars is and if he owns one himself.

Since he lives in the middle of the city, he does not need an own car. He often used his bicycle or public transport for longer distances. If he still needs to transport larger things, he uses the services of Mobility.

The knowledge he has about electro mobility he acquired himself during his own study at the beginning of this year. We have also received this study and will look at it in more detail. We have not been able to do this yet because the study is very extensive.

As far as electric vehicles are concerned, he is still split. The production of these cars, especially the battery, is a big thorn in his side. Because the many metals and materials used for the batteries have a big impact on the environment during extraction and production.

He also said that he thought that Zurich was using electric cars at the expense of East Asian countries.

In his last sentence he said that a small electric car powered by green electricity is a step in the right direction, but does not solve the problem completely.

We got an answer from one of our specialists

We finally got an answer from the speciaist, Mrs Probst to the following question: "Where do you think most costs arise if you do nothing about our climate?"

Here's what she wrote:

"Ich habe eure Umfrage gestern ausgefüllt. Die Frage bezüglich der Kosten ist schwierig zu beantworten. Solche Voraussagen werden mit Hilfe von Modellen berechnet, die Ergebnisse sind aber nicht gleich je nach Studie, da unterschiedliche Faktoren berücksichtigt werden. 

Ich gebe euch aber absolut recht, dass erhöhte Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem (zunehmende Hitze in Städten belastet speziell ältere Leute), bei der Infrastruktur (Schäden infolge von Starkniederschlägen, die zunehmen werden oder Felsstürzen, weil der Permafrost auftaut, etc.), in der Landwirtschaft (Ernteausfälle infolge von Dürreperioden) anfallen werden. Es sind aber erhöhte Kosten in fast allen Sektoren zu erwarten, wenn nicht frühzeitig Massnahmen ergriffen werden. Ich habe euch noch zwei Artikel verlinkt, die für eure Arbeit interessant sein könnten:"

https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/kosten-der-klimaerwaermung-klimawandel-wird-infrastruktur-massiv-stressen

https://www.umweltnetz-schweiz.ch/themen/klima/2706-kosten-klimawandel.html

EDX Assignment Butterflydiagramm

In this post we've finished this Assignment: 

ASSIGNMENT:

    • Find two examples of businesses that are “going circular”.
    • Give a one-sentence description, and indicate which part of the butterfly diagram they belong to.
    • Provide a link to a website or video if possible

We decided to write about the Cosmetic companys Lush and The Bodyshop.

  1. Lush, UK cosmetic company. All the bottles are made by 100% recycled plastic and after you use the product you give them back the bottle to be recycle again and you can also get some discount doing this. I'm sure that it circular process (recycle stage of the diagram) really happen.
  1. The body shop: Buys plastic from Hasiru Dala to give an income to the local trash collectors.

    using more plant-based and recycled plastic (rather than oil-based plastics) and helping people around the world to reuse, repurpose and recycle. currently more than 68% of their Bottles can be recycled. Also you can

    return all your empty tubs, tubes, jars and pots in store for them to recycle and repurpose. S it aswell belongs to the recycle stage of the diagram.

    ( Sustainable Packaging | The Body Shop®)

Tonia&Chiara

Questions to Christian Huber, expert from the city of Zurich.

What is the city of Zurich planning to do to reduce CO2 emissions from transport?


Which of the following suggestions are the best possible ideas to reduce CO2 emissions:

To make a part of the city car-free or to ban certain vehicles like other cities already do?

Minimising the amount of parking so that people use public transport more?

Is reducing the speed limit a good alternative solution?

Do you think there are other options that would be a good solution?

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Circular Economy Part III

The linear Economy

In this post we are not really going into circular economy. We are focusing on the opposite of circualr economy, the linear economy. 

The main goal of circular economy is to reuse and recycle the materials of a product, whereas linear economy does not take care of the environment like that. Linear economy simply produces products with certain materials and does not resue them. 

 

How resources are increasingly difficult to extract / linear economy

With mining and digging we are able to collect important materials and goods from way underground. The goal is to make good use of these, so to make good and practical materials with a lucrative price out of them. But what is the problem with linear economy like this?

A linear Economy relies on cheap energy, cheap materials and cheap credit to get the throughput. Which means, that the companies can make ends meet with their costs of production and people who work in these companies. Sadly, the environment which we extract the materials from, is not being taken care of.

We need an economic system that does help the environment. September 2008 taught us things, when the financial system was collapsing. This crisis turned the economy upside down.

 

 

The Linear Economy is not working very well. There are three reasons for this:

    • Resources like fossil fuels, food and water are increasingly hard to get.
    • Biodiversity is in decline worldwide. Yet ecological services provided by the natural world seem to be taken for granted.
    • The financial system almost crashed the entire economy.

       

       

Why is it difficult for companies to be innovative

The competition is so high and intense, that it has become more and more difficult for companies to sell their products. It has become critical for companies to male good profits or even survive. The other side is that customers cant be easily persuaded to buy a certain product that offer fair trade or other environmental friendly.

    • Real wages have been stagnant or falling for several decades.
    • This has resulted in intense competition among companies selling products and services, and in an unfavorable market position for environmentally or socially benign products (these often cost more).
    • The 3 billion new customers entering the market in the next 20 to 30 years will put an enormous pressure on the resource base if we continue along our current, linear ways.

So this is what we got so far concerning linear economy. We hope that we would show the difference between circular economy and linear economy in a simple way. We are happy to read your comments. :) 

Sincerely 

Chiara & Tonia 

Circular Economy Part II

It is week two of our research concerning circular Economy. We would like to share our newest information and facts.

What is circular economy?

The Circular Economy System Diagram, also known as the 'Butterfly Diagram', represents flows of products and materials in the Circular Economy.

The diagram starts from the current Linear Economy, depicted as the central, downwards flow from materials extraction and manufacturing at the top to incineration and landfill at the bottom. In the Circular Economy, resources are used, but not used up.

 

Why we need circular Economy

To limit the extraction of raw materials and reduce the production of waste

In the post war era, we could have things and pay later which lead to a massive boom. The fact, that this system is not there anymore is proof, that we change economy.

By applying suitable strategies to products, components and materials during use and after the end of a lifecycle, resources are kept in the system.

 

Cycles in Circular Economy

In a circular system, technical and biological nutrients, or materials, are retained in continuous loops. The circular flow of these nutrients is represented by the loops on either side: green for biological and blue for technical nutrients.

Biological materials can be safely returned to the biosphere and add value to the environment, once they have gone through one or more use cycles. These materials include food, natural fibres and bio-based materials, such as wood.

Technical materials cannot be returned to the biosphere. These materials should continuously cycle through the system so that their value can be (re)captured. These materials include plastics, metals and synthetic chemicals.

Scroll through the slides below to explore the Butterfly Diagram in detail. The Butterfly Diagram is the backbone of this course. In the coming episodes, you'll be introduced in more detail to the different loops.

 

Industrial Ecology

  • Industrial Ecology is concerned with the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.
  • Industrial Ecology and the Circular Economy share similar goals and principles.

This is our latest research. We would also like to make futher investigations concerning the linear economy. Thank you for showing interest in our research. We hope you could learn something useful. 

Sincerely

Chiara & Tonia