The Horse 2020/21

Environment & Technology

Glacier melt - Goals update

>20 May 2021

What we reached:

- Analysis of the building of a glacier

- Discovered the reasons of glacier melt and the countermeasures against glacier melt

- Interview with UZH

- Interview with Swiss Climate Protection Association

- Collaboration with Team Basque/ Kerala

20 May 2021

Our next steps:

- Write our survey

- Continue collaboration with Team Basque/ Kerala

- Visit the "Aletschgletscher". In this regard, we are in contact with Mr. Farinotti of the ETH Zurich

[in progress]

Genti and Tiziano

Befter Step 3: Interview on friday 21.05.2021

On friday 21.05.2021 I got the interview with Miss Welti:

- What is your opinion about cheap clothes?
"Since the beginning, it was very important for me to produce sustainable clothing. My label was founded 25 years ago and my production has been sustainable for 15 years now. Sustainable production means that I am only using material, which remains beautiful and does not fall apart. This leads to the fact that you can wear your clothes longer and it gives them the potential to be your favorite pieces.
The production of cheap clothes is not well-thought-out. Tons of collections and items are produced and brought on the market, but without thinking about if the clothes will be sold or if a lot of them will only be thrown in the garbage. This problem is especially present with big brands like H&M and ZARA and I am sure we could avoid it.
I understand that people who don't have a lot of money, are more likely to buy the products which are as cheap as possible (fast fashion), but otherwise you could save your money and buy something, which is a little bit more expensive but you can keep it longer. I also did that when I was younger. I did not buy quickly and cheaply but slowly and expensively. I know it is not cheap, but otherwise I had something I really liked and was happy about it."

- What are the advantages and disadvantages about sustainable clothes in your opinion?
"The products I sell are sustainable and you can wear it for a longer time. That is the reason they could be your favorite pieces of clothing and otherwise I have a constant overview of it. At the end of the day it's not the quantity I am happy about, it's the quality.
My clothes are also suitable for travelling and are easy to wash. It's very easy to care for and it's practical. This also helps to save the entire supply chain (material, production, transport)."

- What are the advantages and disadvantages of cheap clothes in your opinion?
"With cheaper clothing, resources are getting drastically reduced. Many people think, that a cotton t-shirt is ecologically justifiable (vertretbar) but that's not true. It's a disaster what it takes to produce one of these shirts.
For a cashmere sweater from H&M the animals in the areas, in which the cashmere-breedings (Kaschmir-Zuchten) are located, are very stressed and put under pressure. This is because of the increased demand for cheap cashmere sweaters. It leads to the creation of several cashmere-breedings in order to accommodate the demand (der Nachfrage nachkommen). This has the consequence, that it leads to an overpopulation of cashmere-breedings. The animals in these breedings (Zuchten) eat everything in these areas. That leads to food shortages (Nahrungsknappheit) and this causes a chain reachtion, which leads to worse quality of the cashmere. Basically everything is deteriorating (verschlechtern).
In my opinion we have to start conserving our resources because we are only poisoning our world. The workers behind it are also employed on very bad terms and I think that we as consumers can contribute to this (dazu beitragen)."

- What is the meaning of your brand?
"It means that you feel better than just good, especially in the knowledge that this clothing has been produced sustainably. The clothes will not only make me happy today, also tomorrow. My clothes fit all individual characters. It does not matter what size or preference (Vorlieben) are given, every woman finds what suits her in my store.
I am very often in my store and I really like to advise my customers. This leads to personal conversations as well as in a certain way a relationship with my customers. We laugh a lot together and exchange much information. I really enjoy doing it."

- When did you decide to create your own clothing store?
"At the age of 36 I was firstly interested in loungewear and wanted something nice for being at home. Then I searched for the perfect piece in every store I knew but I have not found anything suitable. That was how I realized, that there is a gap in the market (Marktlücke). Then I started to do some research and went to international fairs (Messen) to get inspired and see what other vendors (Anbieter) are selling. That's how everything started.
About ten years later I noticed that customers also liked to put on my clothes for work, because it's very comfortable to wear. That's when I realized that feel-good fashion was highly demanded."

- What do you think is the difference between your store to other clothing stores? / What is your opinion in general about the clothing stores in Switzerland?
"I noticed that the small labels and boutiques are very much appreciated by the customers. After every personal consultation (persönliche Beratung) I feel great gratitude (Dankbarkeit) and appreciation. In my store I am not only selling a sustainable product. They also get a service from me, namely (nämlich) a fashion advise. This is worth much more than when they go to big stores like H&M and ZARA. The clothes there are put down (werden hingestellt) and you have to look by yourself and see what suits you. There is no service."

- Where do you produce the clothes from your store?
"I produce in Switzerand, Germany and Italy and also the material I use comes from these three countries."

Do you know how the clothes form your store are produced?
"Yes, I know all the managers of the companies, which work for me, respectively are responsible for the production of my clothes. I visit them regularly and I know exactly how they work. We work very well together. I get informed about every small detail, whether if there is a technical problem or something organizational. Either they call me or we look at it together on site (vor Ort ansehen). That's how I have control over what the process of production looks like and I can see that the workers there are enjoying good orders and are well paid for their work.
Anne Wintour from the American Vogue said 15 years ago: "There is no chance that a t-shirt has the same price as a cup of coffee. There are some people being dragged over the table (über den Tisch gezogen werden)." Everyone who works in this industry knows it. Many consumers are also aware of this but the majority does not care about it.
However, if these consumers would rethink precisely, the market could change. That's how the consumers could tell the producers, that they are not buying the goods they offer. When the goods are no longer selling, the labels would quickly notice, what makes them rethink. Therefore I think that the consumer is an important part of this chain.
For example, you can see very often large Zalando packages in the post office. These are deliveries that are transported from Northern Germany by lorry to Switzerland. The majority of Zalando consumers place a large order of which they only keep one piece in the end and send the rest back. When the delivery arrives back in Northern Germany the ordered clothes are often thrown in the garbage, because the effort of the cleaning process is too large and too expensive.
If a piece of clothing comes from the production to the Zalando central and would be shipped a few times, this would also be disproportionate due the transport.
For example, if I produce in Germany or Italy I only get one delivery per season, where my entire order is included. This means that the material was delivered to the production and afterwards the clothes to my store in Switzerland. Because of the short transports, I can easily stay behind it and support it.
These are all small but very important things, where we could make changes."

- What do you think about child labor?
"Children definitely belong in school and should get an education. They should not have to work."

- Do you think child labor is still used today?
"I'm actually pretty sure. But again I think there is the possibility for the consumer not to support the sale of these clothes."

- Do you know which means of transport are used to ship the produced clothes or the material to Switzerland?
"Yes, I work with the transport company "Fiege" or otherwise with "DHL". Fiege delivers mostly on road. But by the fact that they are short transport routes, I can support it. The DHL otherwise comes by plane, but then the delivery arrives here faster. Most transports for example the supply of materials for the production are carried out mainly by lorries."

- Is your opinion about clothes still the same you've had in the past or was your opinion completely different?
"My opinion has not changed from the beginning to the present day. I have always had the tendency to dress with good quality. I remember when I bought some expensive leather boots worth Fr. 250.00 when I was 16 years old. My grandmother almost fell off the chair when she found out. At the age of 16 I had many opportunity jobs after school, with which I have earned the money on my own. But in the end my grandmother was happy for me and said: "You'd rather have one good pair of shoes than ten bad ones."
When the big shops H&M and ZARA came on the market, I sometimes went shopping there, but that was before I had my own store. I did not shop in bulk (Masse) because as a woman your figure does not have a big change, which is very practical, because you can keep your clothes for a long time.
Since I have my own clothing store, I am no longer buying clothing in other clothing stores. The only things I still buy are shoes and accessoires."

- What do you think about green lifestyle?
"When the green lifestyle began to settle in with us, many people were not really enthusiastic about it. I personally think it needed the green people who dared the movement to the green lifestyle. They even developed into a green party (Partei) and they increased massively in the recent years.
When I go voting (abstimmen gehen), I always give the green party at least one of my votes, because we have to take care of our earth and they are committed to it."

- What would you recommend the clothing stores, which don't sell sustainable clothes, to change because of the environment?
"The most important point is of course the production. They must start producing sustainably. The amount of clothing they produce is too large and passes the consumers.
It would protect the environment if they would reduce the production that the unsold part of the clothes is kept as small as possible.
Some stores have started with the fact that you can bring already purchased clothes into the clothing stores so that they can get sold again embellished (verschönert). This would not appeal to me (mich ansprechen) personally, but it would still be a good idea. As a young woman I liked to buy secondhand but today I do not want to do that anymore.
I think they would have to produce less and raise the selling price a little bit. The consumers also needs to understand this. Today there is nothing for free anymore.
If we don't want to have to worry about our environment, we must not consume ourselves to death. We have to buy only the products we really need. The price would be higher but the quality of the clothing is better and it lasts longer."

What we achieved today (27.05.2021) and forecast for next week (03.06.2021)

Today

We asked our collaboration team from Kerala to start summarizing their work into a word document so that we can insert it into a post on dontwastemyenergy soon.
We also emailed the school to ask them to send an E-Mail to the school, so they can all fill our our survey.
Also we will continue and wrap up our research.

Next Week

We will start to prepare our document for publishing.

What we achieved today (20.05.2021) and forecast for next week (27.04.2021)

Today

We didn't have much time to work on our projects today, but in the one lesson we had, we finsihed our survey and published it.

Next week

We will ask our collaboration team from Kerala to start summarizing their work into a word document so that we can insert it into a post on dontwastemyenergy soon.
Also we will continue and wrap up our research.

Glacier melt - Interview with UZH

This online interview was taken the 13 May 2021 with Sanja Josi, the leader of Hydrologic Commission of the UZH

- Which concrete measures can we use to save our glaciers?

Everything that stops global warming helps to reduce glacier retreat in the long term (the adaptation period is long, however: even if we stop warming today, most glaciers will still lose a lot of mass and adapt to the rise in temperature of recent years / decades - therefore we have to act now).

- Is artificial snow the right idea to save glaciers?

No, a glacier can't be saved with artificial snow. It takes a lot of energy to make artificial snow... that would be counterproductive. I think the energy consumption for making artificial snow is obviously very high and not feasible for entire glaciers. If it is about small sections, e.g. the transition from one station to the Ski slope, then that brings something locally, but it is for entire glaciers pointless. Glaciers are climate indicators and are controlled by the climate. If the climate is "hostile to glaciers", there are no good long-term forecasts. And therefore no alternatives to reduce further warming.

- Is there any way to stop the general rise in sea levels?

If we could stop the glacial melt, so will the proportion the rise in sea level associated with glacier melt, fall away.

- What should we do with the meltwater runoff?

What are the consequences of eruptions from glacial lakes? Regarding the glacial lakes: these are questions about natural hazards that often have very local characteristics (Permafrost distribution, geometry of the glacier, ...), there are many factors that come together; as e.g. the current case in India has shown. It seems that lakes are increasingly being formed / will be in the future. The extent to which these then represent a hazard or a risk depends on many local factors.

- Are there any new reasons for the melt of glaciers?

There are actually no new reasons for the glacier melt. Knowledge is physics. But there are better data around the world for glacier distribution and ice thicknesses (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03436-z). And some things seem to be accelerating where they were until recently said it will take longer.

German version

Dieses Online-Interview wurde am 13. Mai 2021 mit Sanja Josi, der Leiterin der Hydrologischen Kommission der UZH, geführt

- Mit welchen konkreten Mitteln können wir unsere Gletscher retten?

Alles was die globale Erwärmung verringert, stoppt trägt langfristig
dazu bei den Gletscherschwund zu reduzieren (die Anpassungszeit ist allerdings lang: selbst wenn wir die Erwärmung heute stoppen, werden die meisten Gletscher noch viel Masser verlieren und sich an die Temperaturerhöhung der letzten Jahre/Jahrzehnte anpassen - daher müssen wir jetzt handeln).

- Welche Gegenmassnahmen können wir ergreifen?

Ist Kunstschnee wirklich das richtige Mittel, um Gletscher zu retten? mit Kunstschnee lässt sich kein Gletscher retten. Es braucht immens viel Energie um Kunstschnee herzustellen... das wäre kontraproduktiv.

- Ist die generelle Erhöhung des Meeresspiegels irgendwie zu stoppen?

Wenn wir die Gletscherschmelze stoppen könnten, wird auch der Anteil des Meeresspiegelanstiegs, der mit der Gletscherschmelze zusammenhängt, wegfallen.

- Was tun mit dem Schmelzwasserabfluss?

Die Eruption von Gletscherflüssen führt zu welchen Folgen? (Eruptions from glacial lakes) - zu den Gletscherseen: das sind Fragen zu Naturgefahren, die oft sehr lokale Charakteristiken haben (Permafrostverbreitung, Geometrie des Gletschers,...), hier gibt es viele Faktoren, die zusammenkommen; wie z.B. der aktuelle Fall in Indien gezeigt hat. Es scheint, dass es vermehrt zur Entstehung von Seen kommt/in Zukunft kommen wird. Inwieweit diese dann ein Gefahr oder ein Risiko darstellen, hängt von vielen lokalen Faktoren ab.

- Gibt es zu den Gründen für das Schmelzen der Gletscher neue Ergebnisse? Neben Wikipedia und anderen Websites haben wir uns über https://ecobnb.de/blog/2020/05/gletscherschmelze-gruende-folgen/ [1] darüber zu erkundigen versucht.

Zu den Gründen für die Gletscherschmelze gibt es eigentlich keine
neuen Erkenntnisse, das ist Physik. Es gibt aber weltweit bessere Daten zur Gletscherverbreitung und Eisdicken (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03436-z). Und manches scheint sich zu beschleunigen, wo man bis vor kurzem noch meinte, dass es länger dauern wird.

Genti and Tiziano

Glacier melt - Price list for visiting glacier

Glacier

Canton

Distance (with car)

Glacier visitable?

Business administration opened?

With accompaniment

Price? (For two)

Glärnischfirn

 

GL

76.7 km, 1.2 h

Yes

Yes

Yes

1000.- w.a.

Haslital

BE

147.5 km, 2.6 h

No

In progress

In progress

In progress

Kanderfirn

BE

133 km, 2.2 h

Yes

Yes

No

In progress

Unterer Grindelwald

BE

169.3 km, 2.28 h

In progress

Start date: 01.05.21

In progress

In progress

Aletschgletscher

VS

123 km, 2 h

 Yes

In progress

Yes


300.-

Zermatt

VS

270,5 km, 3.43 h

Yes

 

In progres

 

In progres

Between 51.- and 102.-

Morteratsch

GR

152 km, 2.8 h

Yes

Yes

Yes

Between 80.- and 300.-

 

w.a.: with accompaniment - mit Führung (dt.)

Mrs. Suter got in contact with the scientist Mr. Farinotti, that could maybe show us the "Aletschgletscher".

[in progress]

Genti and Tiziano